Galatia 1:14

1:14 I ¹  was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my nation, ²  and was ³  extremely zealous for the traditions of my ancestors. ⁴ 

Galatia 3:18

3:18 For if the inheritance is based on the law, it is no longer based on the promise, but God graciously gave ⁵  it to Abraham through the promise.

Galatia 4:6

4:6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls ⁶  “Abba! ⁷  Father!”

Galatia 4:23

4:23 But one, the son by the slave woman, was born by natural descent, ⁸  while the other, the son by the free woman, was born through the promise.

[1:14]  ¹ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[1:14]  ² tn Or “among my race.”

[1:14]  ³ tn Grk “was advancing beyond…nation, being.” The participle ὑπάρχων (Juparcwn) was translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[1:14]  ⁴ sn The traditions of my ancestors refers to both Pharisaic and popular teachings of this time which eventually were codified in Jewish literature such as the Mishnah, Midrashim, and Targums.

[3:18]  ⁵ tn On the translation “graciously gave” for χαρίζομαι (carizomai) see L&N 57.102.

[4:6]  ⁶ tn Grk “calling.” The participle is neuter indicating that the Spirit is the one who calls.

[4:6]  ⁷ tn The term “Abba” is the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic אַבָּא (’abba’), literally meaning “my father” but taken over simply as “father,” used in prayer and in the family circle, and later taken over by the early Greek-speaking Christians (BDAG 1 s.v. ἀββα).

[4:23]  ⁸ tn Grk “born according to the flesh”; BDAG 916 s.v. σάρξ 4 has “Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29.”